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Scientific Research

This is an incomplete list of studies conducted since 1972 on various, but mainly brown seaweeds used in Seagreens. Inclusion of these studies does not imply that the health benefits gained by participants in these ‘international’ studies will be gained by consumers of the same brown seaweeds, in products such as Seagreens, elsewhere.

We welcome information regarding any further studies.

For more information, visit the Seagreens corporate information website.

1970’s

N. Iritani and S. Nogi, Effects of Spinach and
Wakame in Cholesterol Turnover, Atherosclerosis
15:87-92, 1972.

I. Yamamoto et al., Antitumour Effect of
Seaweeds, Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine
44:543-46, 1974.

O. H. McConnell in H. A. Hoppe et al.,
Marine Algæ in Pharmaceutical Science, DeGruyter, New
York 1979.

1980’s

S. Funayama et al., Hypotensive Principle of
Laminaria and Allied Seaweeds, Journal of Medicinal
Plant Research 41(1):29-33, 1981.

J. Teas, M. L. Harbison, and R. S. Gelman,
Dietary Seaweed (Laminaria) and Mammary Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research 44:2758-61, 1984.

B. S. Reddy, S. Numoto, C. I. Choi, Effect of
Dietary Laminaria Angustata (brown seaweed) on
Azoxymethane-induced Intestinal Carcinogenesis in male F344 rats, PMID:4070010, UI:86067333, Mutation
Research, July; 127(2):113-118, 1984.

I. Yammamoto, M. Takahashi, T. Suzuki, H.
Seino, H. Mori, Antitumour Effect of Seaweeds, IV: Enhancement of Antitumour Activity by Sulfation of a Crude Fucoidan Fraction from Sargassum Kjellmanianum, PMID:6513098, UI:85083654, Microbiological Immunology, 28(3):371-377, 1984.

E. Furusawa, S. Furusawa, Anticancer Potential of a Dietary Seaweed Extract (Crude Polysaccharide) on Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Comparison with Chemical Immunomodulators and on Cyclosporine-accelerated AKR Leukemia, PMID:2476696, UI:89385425, Cancer Letters, February; 30(2):125-131, 1986.

Y. Okai, K. Higashi-Okai, S. Nakamura, Identification of Heterogenous Antimutagenic Activities in the Extract of Edible Brown Seaweeds, Laminaria Japonica (Makonbu) and Undaria Pinnatifida (Wakame) by the Ume Gene Expression System in Salmonella Typhimurium (TA1535/pSK1002), PMID:7692279, UI:94019480, Kitasato Arch Exp Med, September; 60(3):105-121, 1987.

D. D. Roberts, U. M. Wewer, L. A. Liotta, V. Ginsburg, Laminin-dependent and Laminin-independent Adhesion of Human Melanoma Cells to Sulfatides, PMID:2967105, UI:88223173, Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, June; 58(3):145-151, 1988.

T. A. Read, V. Stensvaag, H. Vindenes, E. Ulvestad, R. Bjerkvig, F. Thorsen, Cells Encapsulated in Alginate: a Potential System for Delivery of Recombinant Proteins to Malignant Brain Tumours, PMID:10571425, UI:20036203, Oncology, 46(5):343-348, 1989.

T. Nishino, G. Yokoyama, K. Dobashi, M. Fujihara, T. Nagumo, Isolation, Purification, and Characterisation of Fucose-containing Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Brown Seaweed Ecklonia Kurome and their Bloodanticoagulant Activities, PMID:2720702, UI:8929063, Developmental Components of Immunology, Winter; 13(1):19-16, 1989.

1990’s

M. D. Guiry & G. Blunden, European Seaweed Resources: Uses & Potential, Wiley, 1991. ISBN 0471929476

H. Ito, H. Noda, H. Amano, C. Zhuang, T. Mizuno, Antitumour Activity and Immunological Properties of Marine Algal Polysaccharides, Especially Fucoidan, Prepared from Sargassum Thunbergii of Phæophyceæ, PMID:8297113, UI:94127818, Laryngorhinootologie, May; 70(5):243-249, 1991

K. Katsuraya, N. Ikushima, N. Takahashi, T. Shoji, H. Nakashima, N. Yamamoto, T. Yoshida, T. Uryu, Synthesis of Sulfated Alkyl Malto- and Laminara- Oligosaccharides With Potent Inhibitory Effects on AIDS Infection, PMID:8062289, UI:94340624, Biophysiological Research Community, November 16; 188(3):1169-1175, 1992.

S. Soeda, S. Ishida, O. Honda, H. Shimeno, A. Nagamatsu, Aminated Fucoidan Promotes the Invasion of 3LL Cells Through Reconstituted Basement Membrane: Its Possible Machanism of Action, PMID:7923097, UI:95007484, Anticancer Research, November- December; 13(6A):2045-2052, 1993.

S. Soeda, S. Ishida, H. Shimeno, A. Nagamatsu, Inhibitory Effect of Oversulfated Fucoidan on Invasion Through Reconstituted Basement Membrane by Murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma, PMID:7829400, UI:95130424, Cancer Letters, September 30; 85(1):133-138, 1994.

D. Riou, S. Colliec-Jouault, D. Pinczon du Sel, S. Bosch, S. Siavoshian, V. Le Bert, C. Tomasoni, C. Sinquin, P. Durand, C. Roussakis, Antitumour and Antiproliferative Effects of a Fucan Extracted from Ascophyllum Nodosum Against a Non-small-cell Bronchopulmonary Carcinoma Line, PMID:8702239, UI:96273150, European Journal Hæmatology, Jan; 54(1):27-33, 1995

H. Harada, T. Noro, Y. Kamei, Selective Antitumour Activity In Vitro From Marine Algæ from Japan Coasts, Anticancer Research, May-June; 16(3A):1213-1218, 1996.

G. Brunner, K. Reimbold, A. Meissauer, V. Schirrmacher, L. J. Erkell, Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Enhance Tumour Cell Invasion In Vitro by Stimulating Plasminogen Activation, PMID:9521847, UI:98189141, Anticancer Research, May-June; 16(A):1213-1218, 1996.

J. Teas, M. L. Harbison, R. S. Gelman, Dietary Seaweed (Laminaria) and Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats, PMID:6426785, UI:84205434, Cellular Biology and Toxicoly, Feb; 13(2):95-102, 1997.

Lightowler and Davies, Iodine intake and iodine deficiency in vegans as assessed by the duplicate-portion technique and urinary iodine excretion, British Journal of Nutrition, 80:529-535, 1998.

H. Q. Miao, R. Ishai-Michaeli, T. Peretz, I. Vlodavsky, Laminarin Sulfate Mimics the Effects of Heparin on Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Receptor Binding and Mitogenic ctivity,
PMID:7650058, UI:95378308, Khim, March; 24(3):211-218, 1998

M. Takuya, D. P. Nelson, L. Marc, L. Schermerhorn, T. Shin’oak, G. Zund, P. R. Hickey, E. J. Neufeld, J. E. Meyer Jr., Blockade of Selectin- Mediated Leukocyte Adhesion Improves Postischemic Function in Lamb Hearts, Cell Research, March 15; 239(2), 301-310, 1998.

S. L. Fitzpatrick, G. Kassam, A. Manro, C. E. Braat, P. Louie, D. M. Waisman, Fucoidan-dependent Confirmational Changes in Annexin II Tetramer, PMID: 10694379, Annual New York Academy of Sciences, 886:243-248, 1999.

I. Yamamoto, H. Maruyama, M. Takahashi, K. Komiyama, The Effect of Dietary or Intraperitoneally Injected Seawed Preparations on the Growth of Sarcoma-180 Cells Subcutaneously Implanted Into Mice, PMID:3955535, UI:86161437, Radiats Biol Radioecol, March-April; 34(2):236-239, 1999.

Remer, Neubert and Manz, Increased risk of iodine deficiency with vegetarian nutrition, British Journal of Nutrition, 81:45-49, 1999.

Valeix, Zarebska, Preziosi, Galan, Pelletier and Hercberg, Iodine deficiency in France, The Lancet, Vol. 353, May 22, 1999.

T. Nishino, A. Fukuda, T. Nagumo, M. Fujihara, E. Kaji, Inhibition of the Generation of Thrombin and Factor Xa by a Fucoidan from the Brown Seaweed Ecklonia Kurome, PMID:10554083, UI:20019511, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, October; 34(4):597-603, 1999.

2000+

I. Sugawara, K. C. Lee, Fucoidan Blocks Macrophage Activation in an Inductive Phase but Promotes Macrophage Activation in an Effector Phase, PMID:6429485, UI:84245215, Biochemistry, March 7; 39(9):2140-2148, 2000.

F. Watanabe, S. Takenaka, H. Kittaka- Katsura, S. Ebara, E. Miyamoto, Characterisation and Bioavailability of Vitamin B12 compounds from edible algæ, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 48(5): 325-331, October 2002.

J-S. Park, A. Kim, E-H. Kim, H-S. Suh, W. C. Choi, Increased Anticancer Activity by the Sulfatged Fucoidan from Korean Brown Seaweeds, Department of Chemistry Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea Department of Biology, Pusan University, Pusan 609-735, Korea January 31, 2002.

OTHERS

J. Teas, The Dietary Intake of Laminaria a Brown Seaweed and Breast Cancer Prevention, MID:6302638,
UI:83194310.

P. Chauvet, J. G. Bienvenu, J. F. Theoret, J. G. Latour, Y. Merhi, Inhibition of Platelet-neutrophil Interactions by Fuciodan Reduces Adhesion and Vasoconstriction After Acute Arterial Injury by Angioplasty in Pigs, PMID:10511137, UI:99439155, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

S. Alban, J. Kraus, G. Franz, Synthesis of Laminarin Sulfates with Anticoagulant Activity, Department of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Fed. Rep. of Germany.

D. Logeart, S. Prigent-Richard, C. Boisson- Vidal, F. Chaubet, P. Durand, J. Jozefonvicz, D. Letourneur, Fucans, Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from
Brown Seaweeds, Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
Proliferation. II. Degradation and Molecular Weight Effect, PMID:9438135, UI:98101010, University of
Paris.

M. Murata, K. Ishihara, H. Saito, Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation Enzyme Activities are Stimulated in Rats Fed the Brown Seaweed Undaria Pinnatifida (Wakame), PMID:9915891, UI:99115844, Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Marine Biochemistry Division, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan.